Breeding preferences in the treefrogs Dryophytes japonicus (Hylidae) in Mongolia

ABSTRACT

When a species occurs over a broad range of climates and landscapes, the breeding ecology of that species is expected to vary locally. Additionally, a basic knowledge of breeding ecology is required before other types of studies may be conducted, such as physiology or conservation. In North East Asia, Dryophytes japonicus is distributed from Japan to Mongolia, where its breeding ecology is unknown. The objectives of this study were to understand the breeding requirements of D. japonicus in this part of its range. We collected data for Dryophytes japonicus at 56 sites located within 23 independent localities in Northern Mongolia during the breeding season 2017. The data collected included habitat type and co-occurring amphibian, fishes and bird species. Our results show that the species prefers circa 70 m long oxbow lakes for breeding, while habitat characteristics, water quality and co-occurring species were not significantly associated with the occurrence of the species. We therefore conclude that D. japonicus is behaviourally plastic in Mongolia, as it is in other portions of its range, and that the species can use several types of environments and co-occur with different species at its breeding sites. Corvus dauuricus was the only bird species significant predicting the occurrence of D. japonicus, likely because of overlapping ecological preferences.     

Parasite community of the golden cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann and Jenkins 1891 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatidae), in Acapulco Bay,Guerrero, Mexico

The parasite community of the ray Rhinoptera steindachneri from Acapulco Bay was examined and quantified; analyses were based on the sex of the host and the date of sampling. A total of 171 specimens of R. steindachneri were examined during July–August of 2010, and May and July of 2012. Twenty-one species of parasites were found: three species of Monogenea; eight adult and one larval species of Cestoda; one larval species of Nematoda; five species of Copepoda; two species of Isopoda; and one species of Hirudinea. Cestodes had the greatest species richness (43% of the total species), followed by the copepods (24%). Two species of cestode, Glyphobothrium sp. and Rhinebothrium sp., were collected only from adult rays. At the component community level, species richness showed statistically significant variation between 13 and 16 species, which is similar to previous reports for other species of rays. The parasite component communities and infracommunities of R. steindachneri exhibited similar patterns: high species number and low numerical dominance by a particular species of parasite. The differences of body size of male vs. female rays, and a change in diet and feeding behaviour with the age of R. steindachneri, are likely important factors in the structuring of their parasite communities.     

亦正亦邪的统一体--北美本土文化英雄传说中的恶作剧者形象解读

恶作剧者是北美本土文化英雄传说中的一个鲜明而又奇特的形象。他是非善亦非恶的象征，既扮演着神圣的创世者和部落文化英雄的角色，又是边缘化的颠覆者和社会道德评判体系的逾越者。以恶作剧者学说理论分析本土文化英雄——传说中的恶作剧者代表形象郊狼卡约蒂，以揭示恶作剧者本身的复杂性，即神圣和罪恶。     

北羌塘拗陷巴贡组致密砂岩储层特征及控制因素

北羌塘拗陷的上三叠统巴贡组碎屑岩是羌塘盆地的储层重点层系，分析沉积、成岩作用对巴贡组碎屑岩储层物性的影响机制，可以为下步勘探工作提供地质依据。研究表明，巴贡组砂岩总体的成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等偏低，溶蚀孔隙是主要的孔隙类型，孔隙结构表现为分选差、喉道细和连通差。沉积因素是控制优质储层的主要因素，形成于分流河道微相的砂层在形成时的水动力强、搬运远，其厚度更大、原生孔隙更为发育，由于抗压实能力强、保留有更多粒间孔隙，因此，后期酸性溶蚀更为发育。绿泥石衬里抑制了粒间硅质胶结物的形成，裂缝发育改善了储层物性，煤系特有的酸性介质环境亦促进了次生孔隙的形成。     

总体最小二乘方法在华北地区应力分析和应变参数反演中的应用

近些年来,华北地区主要受近东西向的持续性挤压应力的作用,导致了东西向的压缩和南北向的挤出运动。从运动场的空间分布来看,其运动并非均匀,与以前的认知并非完全一致。通过基于总体最小二乘的反演方法,利用2002年相对稳定的GPS速度场数据,来分析华北地区板块运动应力场。将应变参数反演结果与基于最小二乘方法得到的结果进行对比分析,发现顾及了监测点误差的总体最小二乘方法更适合华北地区的应力分析和应变参数反演。     

太平洋内区经向热输送的季节变化分析

为刻画整个太平洋内区经向热输送的基本特征及其季节变化,并初步探讨变化的原因,基于Argo温盐资料,利用P矢量法反演了太平洋的绝对地转流(AGC),并结合Ekman流,分析了年平均和季节平均的经向热输送。结果显示,在13°S~13°N,经向热输送主要由Ekman经向热输送控制,季节变化显著,且南北半球变化相反,北半球1-3月有北向输送最大值,8-10月当经向热输送转为南向时,Ekman经向热输送达到最小;南北太平洋经向热输送的季节变化存在显著的不对称特征,北太平洋的明显强于南太平洋,低纬度海域的明显大于高纬度海域。分析表明,经向热输送的季节变化与纬向风应力的变化直接相关,由于未能有效包含西边界流及赤道区域,对比前人的研究结果后推测,西边界流和赤道流在维持南北太平洋经向热输送的平衡中扮演了重要角色。     

滨里海盆地北特鲁瓦油田上石炭统碳酸盐岩沉积相研究与有利储层预测

北特鲁瓦油田是近年来在滨里海盆地东缘发现的大型油气田,石炭系碳酸盐岩是最重要的含油层系。通过岩心、测录井资料分析,以及大量薄片及扫描电镜微观观察,认为北特鲁瓦油田上石炭统碳酸盐岩地层属于碳酸盐岩台地相沉积,可进一步分为蒸发台地、局限台地、开阔台地3个亚相;以及膏岩坪、白云坪、潟湖等7个微相,各沉积微相的特征显著。剖面及平面上沉积演化分析表明,上石炭统沉积时期处于一个海平面逐渐下降的过程,在Б2时期,研究区全部为开阔台地亚相;到A2时期,研究区大部分为蒸发台地、局限台地亚相。通过总结平面上各微相分布规律,建立了适宜北特鲁瓦油田的碳酸盐岩沉积模式。通过微观孔隙类型及特征分析,结合沉积微相研究,发现局限台地内的白云坪微相及开阔台地内的台地滩微相储集物性最好,其内发育的粉晶生屑云岩、晶粒云岩及亮晶颗粒灰岩、生物格架灰岩是油田最有利的储集层。上述研究成果将为油田后续的评价开发提供新的地质依据。     

A new species of Phrynobatrachus (Amphibia: Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from the Northern Mountains of Tanzania

ABSTRACT

Using integrative approaches, a new large-bodied species of Phrynobatrachus is described from a series of 48 specimens from the montane forests of the West Usambara and North Pare Mountains of Tanzania. The most distinguishing morphological feature separating Phrynobatrachus ambanguluensis sp. nov from similar species is the markedly overhanging and pointed upper jaw and snout. Mitochondrial 16S rRNA indicates that the new species differs from all other species with published sequence data by a minimum distance of 4.75% and is sister to P. krefftii, with which it has been confused in the past. The new species is known from two forest reserves and is of high conservation concern given these areas are highly impacted by anthropogenic change.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E0C82A87-47A5-426B-978D-96D27FA7A3B7     

利用SS前驱波研究纳斯卡–南美俯冲带周边上地幔间断面起伏及其动力学意义

利用USArray的远震记录资料, 对1万多条地震记录的SS前驱波进行共反射点叠加分析(叠加范围是半径为5°的球冠), 得到纳斯卡板块南部及南美板块西部(120°W—60°W, 30°S—5°N)上地幔间断面的起伏形态。由于数据很好地覆盖了研究区域, 叠加范围更小, 因此比以往的结果具有更高的空间分辨率。在Galapagos, Easter和 San Felix这3个热点下方观测到的间断面起伏形态符合地幔深部存在高温异常的假设。还观测到: 在东太平洋洋隆南段下方, 410 km间断面深度增加; 在俯冲带下方, 410 km和 660 km间断面深度增加。     

Biogeography of coastal and anchialine amphipods of Ascension Island,South Atlantic Ocean

Over 8000 amphipods were examined from coastal (primarily intertidal) and anchialine pool habitats of Ascension Is. Twenty-seven species, of which 14 are undescribed, were identified. Comparison of species from Ascension with amphipods found in possible source areas suggests that most colonization of the island by these animals has been via the Benguela Current. Possible western Atlantic faunal contributions are significantly lower than for other marine taxa that have been studied at Ascension, all of which are generally characterized by having dispersive larval stages. The high proportion of apparently endemic species, which exceeds that described for amphipods of other oceanic islands, is probably due to both the island's isolation and incomplete faunal surveys in possible source areas. Amphipod species diversity is low, a probable consequence of the size, isolation, youth and low habitat variability of Ascension Is. Consistent with other Atlantic islands that have been studied, nestlers predominate (56% of the species), with tubicolous species (33%) of secondary importance and inquilines (11%) making only a minor contribution. Three species occur in the anchialine pool habitat. Rather unexpectedly, caprellid amphipods are absent.